Psychological Resources as a Buffer Between Racial/Ethnic and SES-based Discrimination and Adolescents’ Academic Well-being

While the detrimental consequences of racial/ethnic discrimination for adolescent well-being are well-established, less is known about the impact of SES-based discrimination and the potential protective benefits of adolescents’ intraindividual assets. The current study addressed these gaps by investigating the longitudinal associations between racial/ethnic and SES-based educator-perpetrated discrimination and adolescents’ academic well-being and assessed whether psychological resources moderated these pathways.

To do so, the study used longitudinal data from a diverse sample of 750 9^th grade students (54% female; 41% White, 34% Latina/o/x, 8% Asian American, 6% African American, 11% biracial/other race/ethnicity; 43% had parents with an associate’s degree or less) in the Southwestern U.S. who were subsequently surveyed one year later. Educator-perpetrated racial/ethnic discrimination was negatively associated with students’ school engagement, and both psychological resilience and self-efficacy emerged as protective for students’ educational expectations in the face of racial/ethnic and SES-based discrimination, respectively. The results of the current study highlight the role of discriminatory treatment in educational disparities and provide insights on effective coping strategies to combat the negative impacts of discrimination in academics.

Relational conflict has a considerable impact on relational and personal well-being, but whether that impact is positive or negative depends on how the conflict is managed. Individuals struggle to have constructive conflicts that protect their relationships and avoid excess stress, which can lead to declines in relationship quality over time. The current set of experiments tested whether a brief touch intervention would promote relational well-being and prevent stress during couple conflict discussions.

Results indicated that engaging in touch prior to and during the conflict was effective to improve couple-members’ conflict behavior and to buffer stress in real (Experiment 1) and imagined (Experiments 2a and 2b) contexts. The results of these experiments suggest that touch may be a simple yet effective intervention for improving couple conflict discussions. In addition, we provide initial evidence that enhanced state security and cognitive interdependence serve as mechanisms underlying these effects.

The impact of non-point source pollution on the water quality of the North Canal River is becoming increasingly prominent. In this study, the riparian buffer zones (RBZ) of the Nansha River and Beisha River, the inlet tributaries of the Shahe Reservoir in the North Canal basin, were selected to investigate the purification effect of riparian buffer zones on runoff pollution during the rainfall process. Two RBZ types, Type I RBZ (levee-flood control retaining wall-woodland-grassland) and Type Ⅱ RBZ (levee-woodland-grassland), were classified by the distribution characteristics of RBZ structure and plant communities in the North Canal River basin.

The north bank of the Nansha River (NB) and the south bank of the Beisha River (BN) are typical of Type I RBZ, with low total vegetation cover, “short and steep” slopes, and low herbaceous cover but high diversity. The south bank of the Nansha River (NN) is a typical representative of Type Ⅱ RBZ, with “long and slow” slopes and high herbaceous cover (29.16%) but low diversity. In order to investigate the impacts of rainfall characteristics and RBZ types on the runoff pollutant, a 1 km area in each of the three RBZs was selected to carry out the RBZ non-point source pollution prevention and control engineering trials. The results indicated that Type I RBZ required less time and rainfall to produce runoff and had a greater peak runoff.

Type Ⅱ RBZ produced runoff only under heavy rainstorm conditions, with greater runoff retention capacity. Energy dissipation ponds with gravel as the main fillers were set up at the runoff inlets of the RBZ, which effectively reduced runoff pollution. ρ(NH₄⁺-N) and ρ(NO₃^–-N) in the runoff were below 1.6 mg·L^-1; ρ(TN) was below 5 mg·L^-1; and ρ(PO₄³-P), ρ(DTP), and ρ(TP) were below 1.0 mg·L^-1. The grass ditch of the RBZs effectively reduced ρ(NH₄⁺-N) of the runoff. The retention rate of SS and the reduction effect of pollutants in Type Ⅱ RBZ were better than those in Type I except under heavy rainstorm conditions, which is related to the different RBZ structures and vegetation cover. The correlation analysis results showed that slope length, slope gradient, vegetation cover, and rainfall characteristics were significantly correlated with runoff SS, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus pollution.

All-inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskites have great potential in tandem cells in combination with other photovoltaic devices. However, CsPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still face a huge challenge, resulting in a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) relative to organic-inorganic PSCs. In this work, we introduced tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAAc) as a buffer layer between the SnO₂ electron-transport layer (ETL) and CsPbI₃ all-inorganic perovskite film interface for the first time. TBAAc not only improved the conductivity of SnO₂ ETL but also formed a 1D TBAPbI₃ layer between the SnO₂ ETL and the 3D CsPbI₃ all-inorganic perovskite film, thereby enhancing the stability and passivating the surface defects of the CsPbI₃ perovskite to fabricate high-efficiency carbon-counter electrode (CE)-based CsPbI₃ solar cells.

We fabricated carbon-CE-based hole-transporting layer ( HTL)-free PSCs with an FTO/SnO₂/TBAAc/CsPbI₃/C structure. The open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short circuit current density (J_sc), PCE, and fill factor of the champion CsPbI₃ PSCs simultaneously enhanced to 1.08 V, 17.48 mA/cm², 12.79, and 67.8%, respectively. This PCE is currently one of the high efficiencies reported for the above planar-structured carbon-CE-based CsPbI₃ PSCs to date. Moreover, the optimized device exhibits excellent stability, which retained over 83% of its initial PCE after 350 h. This work provides a facile way of simultaneous optimization of the SnO₂ ETL and the CsPbI₃ perovskite layer to fabricate stable and high-efficiency carbon-CE-based CsPbI₃ PSCs.

 Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve is situated in the central part of the Khamar-Daban Range (Southern Baikal, Siberia), in three administrative districts of Republic of Buryatia (i.e. Kabansky District, Dzhidinsky District and Selenginsky District), Russia. In general, this territory has been relatively well studied by botanists, but until now there was no detailed information about the flora of the Reserve with precise geographic localities. Moreover, some records in the Baikalsky Reserve’s flora were published without references to documenting herbarium specimens.

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New information: The dataset contains 39,238 unique occurrences of 875 taxa (854 species, 14 subspecies, five varieties and two species aggregates) from the Baikalsky Reserve and its buffer zone. All the data were acquired during the field studies by the author in 2009-2021, when 152 taxa (17.3% of all the taxa included into the dataset) were first recorded by the author from the study area. Herbarium vouchers are preserved in the Moscow University Herbarium (MW). This dataset is the first attempt at creating a database of vascular plants of the Baikalsky Reserve and its buffer zone, based on modern research. These data will provide the background for the updated check-list of the Baikalsky Reserve’s flora.